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        | Key Stage 4 | 
      
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        | 1. Key concepts | 
      
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        | 1.1 Democracy and justice | 
          
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                | a: | Participating actively in different kinds of decision-making and voting in order to influence public life. |  
                | b: | Weighing up what is fair and unfair in different situations, understanding that justice is fundamental to a democratic society and exploring the role of law in maintaining order and resolving conflict. |  
                | c: | Considering how democracy, justice, diversity, toleration, respect and freedom are valued by people with different beliefs, backgrounds and traditions within a changing democratic society. |  
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                | 1.2 Rights and responsibilities |  
                | a: | Exploring different kinds of rights and obligations and how these affect both individuals and communities. |  
                | b: | Understanding that individuals, organisations and governments have responsibilities to ensure that rights are balanced, supported and protected. |  
                | c: | Investigating ways in which rights can compete and conflict, and understanding that hard decisions have to be made to try to balance these. |  
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                | 2. Key processes |  
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                | 2.1 Critical thinking and enquiry |  
                | a: | Questioning and reflecting on different ideas, opinions, assumptions, beliefs and values when exploring topical and controversial issues and problems. |  
                | b: | Researching, planning and undertaking enquiries into issues and problems, using a range of information, sources and methods. |  
                | c: | Interpreting and analysing critically sources used, identifying different values, ideas and viewpoints and recognising bias. |  
                | d: | Evaluating different viewpoints, exploring connections and relationships between viewpoints and actions in different contexts (from local to global). |  | 
      
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